inglese - introduzione ai verbi
INTRODUZIONE AI VERBI
ci sono due tipi di verbi in inglese :
i verbi ausiliari to be - to have - to do - to dare - to need - to be able (can) – may – must – will – shall – ought – used
Altri verbi ordinari :
to work – to eat – to sleep
VERBI ORDINARI
tempo affermativo negativo
infinito presente to work not to work
present continuous to be working not to be working
infinito passato to have worked not to have worked
infinito passato continuous to have been working not to have been working
participio e gerundio working not working
participio passato e gerundio having worked not having working
participio passato worked
nei verbi ordinari il pariticipio e i past simple si formano aggiungendo d o ed all’infinito, Qualche volta le consonanti del verbo si raddoppiano es. slipped
Il participio passato e il gerundio sono sempre regolari e aggiungono ing all’infinito con la regola del raddoppio della consonante
tabella dei verbi attivi
present simple he works
continuous he is working
perfect he has worked
perfect continuous he was been working
past simple he worked
continuous he was working
perfect he had worked
perfect continuous he had been working
present conditional he would work
conditional continuous he would be working
perfect conditional he would have worked
conditional continuous he would be working
gli ausiliari usano la forma contratta
he is he’s
he has he’s
he had he’d
he would he’d
la forma negativa
utilizziamo does not / doesn’t per la terza persona singolare
I don’t work
He doesn’t work
al past simple don’t e doesn’t diventano didn’t
I didn’t work
He didn’t work
Menre gli ausiliari aggiungono solo il not
I’m not
she have not /haven’t
I will not / I won’t
I tempi continuous e i passati possono essere contratti in due modi
He isn’t working / he’s not working
he hasn’t worked / he’s not worked
il l futuro è contratto con I won’t ma I’ll not è possibile
In inglese una frase deve contenere solamente un espressione negativa e non due
così never -no – none – nobody – no one – nothing - hardly - hardly ever vanno usati con verbi affermativi
esempio
She didn’t eat anything / she ate nothing
she doesn’t ever complain / she never complainS
LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA
Per la forma interrogativa utilizziamo does con i pronomi she – he - it o do con I – you - we – they; mentre nel past simple si utilizza did per tutte le persone
does Peter enjoy the party ?
Do you enjoy the party ?
Did Peter enjoy the party?
Con gli ausiliari si mette l’ausiliare prima del pronome
Have you finished ?
In questi casi
Who told you ? Who is he ?
Se mettiamo Do you know – can you tell me - I want to know - I’d like to know - Have you any idea -Do you think - I wonder
what time does the train start ---------------------- Have you any idea what time the train starts ?
Di solito le richieste sono espresse con la forma interrogativa
Can you help me ?
Would you like to come with me ?
Question tag dopo i verbi negativi
You didn’t see him, did you ?
FORMA INTERROGATIVA NEGATIVA
Didn’t you see her ? Fomra contratta di did he not see her ?
Isn’t he coming ? Forma contratta di is he not coming?
Si usano quando ci si aspetta una risposta affermativa
si utilizza nelle question tags dopo una frase affermativa
you paid it, didnt’ you ?
