L’infinito
i verbi più comuni che sono seguiti direttamente dall’infinito sono
agree endeavour proceed
aim fail promise
appear forget prove
arrange guarantee refuse
attempt happen resolve
bother (negativo) hesitate seem
care (negativo) hope swear
choose learn tend
claim long threaten
condescend manage trouble (negativo)
consent neglect try (attempt)
decide offer undertake
demand plan volunteer
determine prepare vow
be determined pretend
verbi ausiliari
be have ought
can may dare
must will do
need used
queste frasi possono essere seguite dall’infinito
occur + to + object (negative/interrogative)
do one’s best/do what one can
make an / every effort
make up one’s mind
take the trouble
turn out
ci sono dei verbi che possono essere usati con il that +soggetto + verbo
I promise to wait = I promise that I will wait
occur richiede it come soggetto sia con infinito che con that
It occure to mi to ask him for proof of his identity
It occurred to me that he was trying to conceal something
i verbi occur - happen – seem – turn out quando si utilizzano con la forma con that richiedono it come soggetto
It tourned out that……….
His country cottage turned out to be…………
con questi verbi si può utilizzare anche il continuous infinitive
He seems to be following us
i verbi seguiti da how – what -when – where – when – where – which + nome e whether + infinito
i più utilizzati sono
ask – decide – discover – find out – forget – know – learn – remember – see -( perceive) show + oggetto - think – understand – want to know wonder :
he discovered how to open the safe
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply
whether + infinito può essere utilizzato dopo want to know - wonder
I wonder whether to write or phone
ask – decide – forget – learn – remember può essere seguito direttamente dall’infinto ma il significato non è necessariamente lo stesso
learn out + infinito = acquire a skill
she learnt how to make lace
she learnt to trust nobody = she found from experience
I verbi seguiti dall’infinito o dall’oggetto + infinito più utilizzati
ask – beg - expect -would hate – help – intend – like -would like – would love – mean – prefer – want – wish
He likes to have a good meal at midday
he likes his staff to have a good meal at midday
-ask/beg + infinito hanno un significato diverso da ask/beg+ oggetto + infinto
I asked to speak to Mr Smith = posso parlare con Mr Smith
I ask John to speak to Mr Smith = Bill puoi parlare con Mr Smith
expect + infinito e expect + oggetto + infinito hanno lo stesso significato
I expect to arrive tomorrow = è meglio che arrivi domani
I expect him to arrive tomorrow = è meglio per lui che arrivi domani
wish – want – would like significano desiderio
I wish to make a cake
hate – intend – like - love – mean – want (= require) possono essere seguiti da gerundio
