VOCE PASSIVA FORMA

il passivo di un verbo attivo è formato mettendo il verbo essere allo stesso tempo del verbo attivo e aggiungendo il participio passato del verbo attivo

attivo we keep the chocolate here

passivo the chocolate is kept here

attivo they broke the glass

passivo the glass was broken

attivo people have seen bears in the street

passivo bears have been seen in the street

il passivo dei continuous tense si forma con il being

attivo they are repairing the car

passivo the car is being repaired

ausiliari + infinito sono formati da infinito passivo

attivo you must shut the door

passivo these door must be shut

they should have told him (perfect infinitive active)

they should have been told (perfectr infinitive passive

il passivo gerundio si forma con being + participio passato

attivo I remember my father taking me to the cinema

passivo I remember being taken to the cinema by my father

ecco una tabella utile

Tempo dei verbi	Voce attiva
Present simple Present continuous Simple past Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect Future conditional Perfect conditional Present infinitive Perfect infinitive Present participle/gerundio Present participle	keeps Is kept Is keeping Is being kept Kept Was kept Was keeping Was beeing kept Has kept Has been kept Had kept had been kept Will kept Will be kept Would keep Would be kept Woul have kept would have been kept To keep To be kept To have kept to have been kept Keeping being kept Having kept having been kept

USE

La voce passiva in inglese è utilizzata quando è più conveniente o interessante per sottolineare cosa è stato fatto piuttosto di chi la fa

my bag was stolen

è più utilizzata di thieves stole my bag

someone gave her a dog ha due passivi

she was given a dog

a dog was given to her

preposizioni con il verbo passivo

Nelle frasi passive il complemento d’agente o chi fa l’azione spesso non viene menzionato

quando invece viene menzionato è preceduto da by

Mary painted this picture

this picture was painted by Mary

Ma non sempre

smoke filled the room

the room was filled with smoke

perché quando si parla di materiali non vengono considerati agenti

quando un verbo + preposizione + oggetto è trasformato in passivo la preposizione è subito dopo il verbo

attivo we must write to hom

passivo he must be written to

attivo you can play with these cubs quite safety

these cube can be played with quite safety

LA COSTRUZIONE INFINITA DOPO IL PASSIVO

dopo acknowledge – assume – believe – claim -consider – estimate – feel – find -know – presume -report – say ……………

le frasi tipo la gente pensa – considera …………

ha due forme

it is thought /considered …………….that he is

oppure

he is thought /considered to be

people said the he was jealous of her

It was said the he was jealous of her

he was said to be jeaulous of her

dopo suppose

nel passivo suppose può essere seguito dal presente infinito ma da l’idea di un dovere e non ha lo stesso significato della forma attiva

you are supposed to know how to drive

it is your duty to know…………..

suppose alpassivo può essere seguito dal perfect infinitive

you are supposed to have finished

let’s è utilizzato senza il to

attivo they let’s us go

we were let go